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Adam Smith

Adam Smith (1723–1790) is a Scottish moral philosopher and political economist whose Wealth of Nations (1776) laid the intellectual foundation for classical economics by analyzing the division of labor, free markets, and the role of self-interest in generating collective prosperity.

Type: Person Domain: Social Science Philosophy Mathematics Era: 1723 — 1790

Why it matters

Smith's work became the foundational text of modern economics, transforming how governments and thinkers approach trade, taxation, and the organization of productive society. His arguments for free markets profoundly shaped economic policy from the Industrial Revolution to the present.

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