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Socialization

Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals acquire the norms, values, beliefs, language, and behavioral patterns that enable them to function as members of a particular society or social group.

Type: Concept Domain: Social Science Biology Philosophy Humanities

Overview

Primary agents — family, peers, educational institutions, and media — transmit cultural frameworks from infancy through adulthood; foundational theorists including George Herbert Mead, Émile Durkheim, and Pierre Bourdieu used the concept to explain how the self is formed through social interaction, how inequality is reproduced across generations, and how social order is maintained without constant coercion.

Why it matters

By demonstrating that identity, behavior, and cognition are substantially constructed through social interaction rather than determined solely by biology, socialization theory challenged prevailing assumptions about human nature and laid the essential groundwork for modern social science, developmental psychology, and the anthropological study of culture.

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