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Science and Technology Studies

Science and technology studies is the interdisciplinary field that examines how scientific knowledge and technological systems are shaped by social, political, and cultural contexts.

Type: Concept Domain: Social Science Philosophy History Era: 1970 — present

Overview

It argues that science is not neutral discovery but a social activity influenced by funding structures, institutions, and power relations. Bruno Latour's actor-network theory and Donna Haraway's situated knowledge framework challenged traditional distinctions between objective facts and social values, showing how scientific consensus is actively produced rather than simply found.

Why it matters

The field has profoundly influenced how scholars, policymakers, and engineers evaluate the values embedded in technical design choices; feminist scholars revealed how gender biases shaped biomedical research questions and clinical trial designs, with direct consequences for women's health outcomes, advancing both critical inquiry and policy reform.

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