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Narrative Theory

Narrative theory is the systematic, interdisciplinary study of how stories are structured, how they generate meaning, and how they function across human cultures and communication, rooted in classical rhetoric and formalized through twentieth-century structuralism and semiotics.

Type: Concept Domain: Humanities Philosophy Art Era: 1928 — present

Overview

The field examines the fundamental components of storytelling — plot architecture, character construction, point of view, temporal ordering, narrative voice, and the relationship between a story's events and how those events are presented (story versus discourse). By revealing structural and rhetorical mechanisms through which narratives shape belief and collective memory, narrative theory offers essential tools for critically evaluating the stories that underpin culture, ideology, and social institutions.

Why it matters

Narrative theory demonstrates that storytelling is a foundational mode of human thought, profoundly influencing cognitive science, psychotherapy, and philosophy. Paul Ricœur's argument that human time is fundamentally narrative in structure established the field as central to understanding how individuals and societies construct identity and meaning from experience.

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