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Intertextuality

Intertextuality is the theoretical principle that every text is fundamentally shaped by its relationships to other texts — meaning does not originate within a single work in isolation, but emerges through a dynamic network of references, allusions, quotations, and structural echoes connecting texts across time and culture.

Type: Concept Domain: Humanities Philosophy Era: 1966 — 1966

Overview

Coined by Julia Kristeva in the late 1960s and drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of dialogism and polyphony, intertextuality holds that authors inevitably write within a vast web of prior discourse, and readers construct meaning by recognizing and activating those textual connections. The concept fundamentally challenged the Romantic notion of the solitary creative genius producing original meaning, redirecting attention from author to text and reader — central to structuralist and poststructuralist thought, and informing Roland Barthes's declaration of the 'death of the author.'

Why it matters

By demonstrating that meaning is always relational and historically situated rather than fixed or self-contained, intertextuality transformed how scholars approach interpretation, authorship, and cultural production across literature, law, theology, and digital media. It shaped major debates about originality, intellectual property, and the nature of creative influence that have become more urgent as remix culture and generative AI challenge inherited assumptions.

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