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Development of the Internet

The development of the internet is the process by which a small research network connecting a few dozen universities evolved into the global communication infrastructure that restructured economies, politics, and human relationships.

Type: Event Domain: Technology Engineering Social Science Era: 1969 — 1991

Overview

Beginning with ARPANET in the late 1960s, the critical technical advance was packet switching — breaking data into discrete packets that independently route through a network, enabling robust communication even when parts fail. Open protocols, TCP/IP in particular, allowed heterogeneous systems to communicate, transforming a government research project into an open platform for global commerce.

Why it matters

The internet made information transfer nearly free and instantaneous, profoundly reshaping journalism, political organisation, and social relationships. It enabled real-time global disease surveillance and telemedicine in medicine, while debates over free speech, privacy, and surveillance have made internet governance a major arena of political philosophy and law.

Where it leads

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