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Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the model of delivering computing resources — storage, processing, and software — over the internet as on-demand services, replacing locally maintained infrastructure with remote data centers managed by providers.

Type: Concept Domain: Technology Engineering Social Science

Overview

Virtualization allows a single physical server to host many isolated virtual machines; containerization packages software with its dependencies for consistent deployment; and orchestration tools manage thousands of containers across geographically distributed data centers, enabling elastic scaling that automatically expands resources during demand spikes and contracts when idle.

Why it matters

Cloud computing fundamentally transformed software deployment and research infrastructure — converting capital hardware expenditure into operational subscription costs, enabling startups and institutions to access supercomputing-scale resources, and making large-scale scientific computation in biology, physics, and climate science practical for groups that could never have built equivalent infrastructure independently.

What it builds on

Where it leads

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